Cara menghitung cicilan pinjaman: bunga anuitas vs flat, mana yang lebih ringan?How to calculate loan repayments: annuity vs flat interest, which is lighter?
Mau mengambil KPR, kredit kendaraan, atau pinjaman usaha? Pahami beda bunga anuitas dan flat, cara menghitung angsuran per bulan, dan cara membandingkan total bunga sebelum tanda tangan kontrak.
Taking out a mortgage, vehicle loan or business loan? Understand the difference between annuity and flat interest, how to calculate the monthly payment, and how to compare total interest before you sign.
Di halaman ini
Saat mengajukan pinjaman, angka pertama yang biasanya ditanyakan adalah "cicilannya berapa per bulan?". Padahal ada pertanyaan yang sama pentingnya: berapa total bunga yang dibayar sampai lunas? Jawabannya sangat bergantung pada metode bunga, yaitu anuitas atau flat.
Dengan tab Cicilan di Kalkulator Keuangan KASKOW, Anda bisa menghitung keduanya dan melihat jadwal angsuran per bulan. Semua dihitung di browser Anda, dan hasilnya adalah perkiraan.
Beda anuitas dan flat
| Anuitas | Flat | |
|---|---|---|
| Bunga dihitung dari | Sisa pokok pinjaman | Pokok awal, sepanjang tenor |
| Angsuran per bulan | Tetap | Tetap |
| Komposisi angsuran | Porsi bunga besar di awal lalu mengecil | Porsi pokok dan bunga sama setiap bulan |
| Umum dipakai untuk | KPR dan pinjaman jangka panjang | Kredit kendaraan dan barang |
Karena bunga anuitas dihitung dari sisa pokok yang terus berkurang, total bunganya lebih kecil daripada flat untuk suku bunga yang sama.
Rumus singkat
- Flat: angsuran = (pokok ÷ jumlah bulan) + (pokok × bunga per tahun ÷ 12).
- Anuitas: angsuran = pokok × i ÷ (1 − (1 + i)^−n), dengan i = bunga per tahun ÷ 12 dan n = jumlah bulan.
Rumus anuitas sulit dihitung manual, jadi kalkulator sangat membantu.
Contoh perhitungan
Pinjaman Rp100.000.000 dengan bunga 10% per tahun selama 3 tahun (36 bulan):
| Metode | Angsuran per bulan | Total bunga | Total dibayar |
|---|---|---|---|
| Anuitas | ±Rp3.226.719 | ±Rp16.161.874 | ±Rp116.161.874 |
| Flat | ±Rp3.611.111 | Rp30.000.000 | Rp130.000.000 |
Pada contoh ini, dengan angka bunga yang sama, metode flat membuat total bunga hampir dua kali lipat.
Di lapangan, suku bunga flat yang ditawarkan biasanya tertulis lebih kecil daripada suku bunga anuitas atau efektif. Jadi jangan membandingkan persentasenya saja. Bandingkan angsuran per bulan dan total dibayar dari penawaran yang sebenarnya.
Langkah menghitung di kalkulator
- Buka Kalkulator Keuangan dan pilih tab Cicilan.
- Pilih metode Anuitas atau Flat.
- Isi Jumlah pinjaman, Bunga per tahun, dan Tenor dalam tahun atau bulan.
- Baca Angsuran per bulan, Total bunga, dan Total dibayar. Di bawahnya tampil juga angsuran dan total bunga bila memakai metode yang satunya, sehingga Anda langsung bisa membandingkan.
- Gulir ke Jadwal angsuran untuk melihat porsi pokok, bunga, dan sisa pinjaman setiap bulan.
- Klik Unduh CSV untuk membuka jadwal di aplikasi lembar kerja.
Membaca jadwal angsuran anuitas
Pada contoh pinjaman Rp12.000.000 selama 12 bulan dengan bunga 10% per tahun, angsuran anuitas sekitar Rp1.054.991 per bulan. Di bulan pertama, porsi bunganya Rp100.000 dan porsi pokoknya sekitar Rp954.991. Di bulan terakhir, porsi bunga tinggal sekitar Rp8.719. Inilah sebabnya, pada pinjaman anuitas, pelunasan sebagian biasanya paling banyak menghemat bunga bila dilakukan di awal tenor.
Hal lain yang perlu dicek sebelum tanda tangan
- Biaya administrasi, provisi, dan asuransi. Biaya ini tidak termasuk dalam hitungan kalkulator, tetapi menambah total biaya pinjaman.
- Bunga tetap atau mengambang. Pada KPR, bunga sering tetap beberapa tahun pertama lalu berubah mengikuti ketentuan bank.
- Denda keterlambatan dan pelunasan dipercepat. Tanyakan aturannya secara tertulis.
- Kemampuan bayar. Patokan yang sering dipakai, total cicilan sebaiknya tidak melebihi sekitar sepertiga penghasilan bulanan.
Pertanyaan yang sering muncul
Apakah hasilnya pasti sama dengan tagihan bank? Tidak selalu. Bank atau lembaga pembiayaan bisa memakai cara hitung, pembulatan, dan biaya yang berbeda. Gunakan hasil kalkulator sebagai perkiraan, lalu minta simulasi resmi dari pemberi pinjaman.
Bagaimana menghitung tabungan atau deposito? Gunakan tab Bunga untuk bunga sederhana dan majemuk, lengkap dengan setoran rutin per bulan.
Apakah data saya dikirim ke server? Tidak. Semua perhitungan berjalan di browser Anda.
Butuh menghitung selisih tanggal jatuh tempo? Lihat cara menghitung umur, selisih tanggal, dan hari kerja.
When applying for a loan, the first question is usually "how much is the monthly payment?". But there is an equally important question: how much interest will you pay in total? The answer depends heavily on the interest method: annuity or flat.
With the Loan tab in the KASKOW Finance Calculator, you can calculate both and see a month-by-month repayment schedule. Everything is calculated in your browser, and the results are estimates.
Annuity vs flat
| Annuity | Flat | |
|---|---|---|
| Interest is charged on | The remaining principal | The original principal, for the whole term |
| Monthly payment | Fixed | Fixed |
| Payment breakdown | The interest share is large at first, then shrinks | The same principal and interest shares every month |
| Commonly used for | Mortgages and long-term loans | Vehicle and goods loans |
Because annuity interest is charged on a principal that keeps shrinking, total interest is lower than with flat interest at the same rate.
Quick formulas
- Flat: payment = (principal ÷ number of months) + (principal × annual rate ÷ 12).
- Annuity: payment = principal × i ÷ (1 − (1 + i)^−n), where i = annual rate ÷ 12 and n = number of months.
The annuity formula is hard to work out by hand, so a calculator helps a lot.
Worked example
A Rp100,000,000 loan at 10% a year over 3 years (36 months):
| Method | Monthly payment | Total interest | Total paid |
|---|---|---|---|
| Annuity | ≈Rp3,226,719 | ≈Rp16,161,874 | ≈Rp116,161,874 |
| Flat | ≈Rp3,611,111 | Rp30,000,000 | Rp130,000,000 |
In this example, with the same interest figure, the flat method almost doubles the total interest.
In practice, quoted flat rates are usually lower numbers than annuity or effective rates. So don't compare the percentages alone. Compare the monthly payment and total paid from the actual offers.
Steps in the calculator
- Open the Finance Calculator and choose the Loan tab.
- Choose the Annuity or Flat method.
- Enter the Loan amount, Interest per year and Term in years or months.
- Read the Monthly payment, Total interest and Total paid. Below them you also see the payment and total interest for the other method, so you can compare right away.
- Scroll to the Payment schedule to see the principal, interest and remaining balance for every month.
- Click Download CSV to open the schedule in a spreadsheet app.
Reading an annuity schedule
For a Rp12,000,000 loan over 12 months at 10% a year, the annuity payment is about Rp1,054,991 a month. In the first month, the interest share is Rp100,000 and the principal share about Rp954,991. In the last month, the interest share is only about Rp8,719. That is why, with an annuity loan, extra repayments usually save the most interest when they are made early in the term.
Other things to check before signing
- Admin fees, commissions and insurance. These aren't included in the calculator but add to the total cost of the loan.
- Fixed or floating rates. Mortgages often have a fixed rate for the first few years and then follow the bank's terms.
- Late payment and early repayment penalties. Ask for the rules in writing.
- Affordability. A commonly used guideline is that total loan payments should not exceed about a third of your monthly income.
Frequently asked questions
Will the result match my bank's bill exactly? Not always. Banks and lenders may use different methods, rounding and fees. Use the calculator as an estimate, then ask the lender for an official simulation.
How do I calculate savings or deposits? Use the Interest tab for simple and compound interest, including a regular monthly deposit.
Is my data sent to a server? No. All calculations run in your browser.
Need the gap until a due date? See how to calculate age, date differences and working days.